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The rapid spread of COVID-19 has dramatically changed our perspective about how we should be well prepared for upcoming health disasters in the future. Like COVID-19, the world does not seem prepared to fight the slow-moving pandemic, i.e., antimicrobial resistance (AMR). At present, more than 7, 00, 000 people per year across the globe succumb to drug-resistant infections. According to several reports, if we fail to respond, AMR could lead to the loss of ten million lives and trillions of money by 2050. Among the different pathogens affecting human health, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced a priority list of drug-resistant bacteria to pave the way for the development of new antibiotics. Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most notorious ones and are responsible for the majority of healthcare-associated infections. These pathogens come under the critical threat category because they express resistance to all of the current antibiotics. The modern combinatorial chemistry approaches and chemical genomics have been unsuccessful to provide enough new antibiotics. In stark contrast to this, natural products have been gifted with remarkable chemical diversity and biological activity. Our modern antibiotic armamentarium was built from microbes' natural products, especially Streptomyces spp. and Bacillus spp. isolated in the golden era. Today, the antibiotic discovery pipeline has almost dried up, in part due to the rediscovery of already known compounds from bacteria, and no new classes emerged from bacteria until recently. These novel natural antibacterial agents from bacteria resurged a spark in the exploitation of bacteria to find new chemical entities. This chapter mainly focuses on natural antimicrobials and adjuvants isolated from the bacterial domain in the last two decades, i.e., from 2001 to 2020, and their status to fight drug-resistant Gram-negative superbugs. We have also described briefly the discovery of synthetic compounds based on natural scaffolds. In conclusion, the bacterial natural products comprise a goldmine to fight superbugs, and future research should be focused on exploring new antimicrobials from bacterial diversity. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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Plants belonging to the genus Calotropis are commonly called as giant milkweeds due to the presence of milky latex in their different parts. Calotropis gigantea is a perennial shrub with ethnobotanical and religious significance in India. It is well distributed in warm temperate regions and tropics especially wastelands and xeric area. The plant contains pharmacologically important constituents that exhibit both poisonous and medicinal properties. Some of its phytoconstituents include terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, oxypregnanes, and glycosides. Ethnomedicinally, different parts of the plant are used to treat various ailments such as paralysis, intermittent fevers, swellings, bronchitis, and dyspepsia. In recent times, significant antitumor activity of methanol extract of root bark has been observed in mice, while the ethanol extract of leaves has shown anxiolytic effect. Some bioactive compounds in the leaf extract of this plant have been found as prospective drugs against Covid-19 through docking analysis. Besides, calotropin present in its latex is a potential toxin. Cardenolides found in this plant are cardiac active glycosides which cause toxicity to most animals including insects. Despite being poisonous, the genus Calotropis is being studied extensively for its phytoconstituents and their therapeutic potential. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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The IoT (Internet of Things), a network of interconnected systems and data analytics, which can provides information about the spread of diseases/Virus globally. Typically, IoT is a bridge between machine learning philosophy, real time application such as security system, smart lights, smart speakers and many more. [1.2]. In current situation (pandemic), all over the world, is facing the problem where all are sucked down and looking for solution which can resolve the problem with cost -effective solution that has risen. Researchers are looking forward for the challenges and describing the studies which can overcome with the by IoT. The brief review aimed to significant applications over the COVID-19. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: COVID-19, one of the deadliest pandemics, has taken a toll on physical and mental health alike. It has been noticed that there is a rise in psychiatric comorbidities in covid recovered cases. Various disorders like PTSD, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders have been reported in COVID-19 survivors .Current study aims to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and its associated correlation in patients with history of COVID-19. Method(s): The study population comprised the patients referred to the Psychiatry OPD from the post covid OPD over 3 months. Patients were assessed using a semi structured proforma, sociodemographic profile, treatment facility( institutional or home quarantined), duration of stay at treatment facility, medical and psychiatric diagnosis were recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics. Result(s): 160 patients were included and assessed of which 66.25% were male and 33.75% were female. Mean age was 38.8 years.The referral rate was found to be 15.9%. Most common psychiatric disorder was sleep disorder (25%), followed by stress and trauma related disorder (16.25%), depression (11.25%), anxiety disorder (10%). Conclusion(s): We would like to emphasize on vigilant approach and constant supervision of these patients so that an early diagnosis could be made and an add on burden to mental health care system could be reduced.For this to be achieved screening of such patients should be increased .
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Purpose: The use of over-the-top (OTT) platforms grew substantially after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. With the pandemic receding, there is a concern that users may not continue with their subscriptions. To counter this, OTT service providers must strategize proactively to retain and acquire new users once the pandemic abates. Positing that understanding the consumption values that users ascribe to OTT platform usage can provide useful customer retention insights, the purpose of this paper is to use the theory of consumption value (TCV) to study the values that users derived from their use of OTT following the onset of the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The mixed-method approach is used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Analysis of qualitative responses collected through interviews of 12 current OTT platform users helped identify two categories of OTT platform-specific values: attribute-level and benefit-based. Next, the study examined the association of values thus identified with one another, as well as with continued intentions to use OTT platforms, by analyzing data collected from 371 existing users. Findings: The findings indicated that functional value quality and social value, representing the attribute-level values, were positively associated with two benefit-based values – functional value price and emotional value (EMV). Next, EMV was not only associated with intentions but also partially mediated the association of attribute-level values with intentions. Premium subscription purchased and increased viewing time were confirmed to have moderating effects on the association between attribute-level and benefit-based values. Originality/value: The study is amongst the foremost research initiatives to examine consumption values derived from OTT platform usage after the onset of the pandemic. Its novelty also comes from its identifying OTT platform-specific consumption values for the first time and adding a new dimension to the TCV by examining the interplay of these values in the OTT platform context. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Purpose: Lens of conservation of resources (COR) theory has been used to study how organizations can create resource passageways for their employees via managers. This has been examined in cross-cultural virtual work teams distributed across time and space within the high-resource loss context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: Longitudinal field design was used in a transnational organization involving data collection at three times over eight months. At Time 1, qualitative methodology was used to propose a conceptual model. At Time 2 and Time 3, an online survey was used to collect data for 205 virtual work teams across 10 countries in the Asia–Pacific region pre and post "manager as coach” training respectively. Findings: Using COR theory, the study highlights that "manager as coach” training is an effective resource for managers in the high resource depletion context of the pandemic. Access to timely support increases saliency for the resource-gain spiral and has a cross-over impact on virtual work team outcomes suggesting transferability of resources from managers to subordinates. Also, managers across all nationalities view coaching training as an equally valuable resource. Practical implications: The study provides evidence for investment in timely and relevant support for managers to positively and swiftly impact virtual work teams during high-resource loss contexts. Originality/value: The study expands COR crossover theory across space and time dimensions using a longitudinal field research design. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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The purpose of the study is to examine the perceptions of people on the effect of lockdown and outbreak of COVID-19 in the National Capital Region (NCR) area of India. In this survey, the two cities of the NCR area, i.e., Delhi and Guru gram are selected for the collection of primary data. The primary data have been collected through the questionnaire. A total of 204 respondents have answered the pre-framed questionnaire. Five-point Likert Scales have been used to judge the degree of agreement with the statements. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze the data. The findings suggest that people pay more attention to personal hygiene during the pandemic time and they feel that working from home is a challenge in India due to bandwidth and technological issues. Job security is a big concern in front of people due to lockdown. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic has shattered the economic systems all around the world while creating numerous problems which were faced by all, especially international migrants. The present study offers a qualitative and quantitative perspective on the distress of international migrants and their repatriation intention during the pandemic period. Design/methodology/approach: In-depth semi-structured interviews of 30 respondents belonging to five host nations, Australia, the USA, the UK, New Zealand and Canada, revealed diverse issues. Based on qualitative study findings and past literature, 22 purposeful statements about six constructs – financial issues, social issues, mobility constraints, psychological problems, healthcare issues, and repatriation intentions – were developed. These statements were measured on a seven-point Likert scale and shared online with international migrants from India residing in the host nations. Data collected from 496 international migrants from October 2020 to July 2021 were used to analyze the influence of various determinants on the repatriation intentions by partial least square-structural equation modeling using SmartPLS software. Findings: The analysis results revealed that the role of financial, social, mobility, psychological and healthcare issues was significant in strengthening the repatriation intentions of the migrants. There is a need to create job opportunities, retrain laid-off workers and formulate migrant inclusive policies. Originality/value: Although some studies have highlighted a few problems faced by international migrants, their impact on repatriation intentions has not been studied yet. The present study fills this gap and analyzes the repatriation intention of international migrants in light of different problems they faced during the pandemic. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2022-0233. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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During any emergency, a donation is considered a moral responsibility all over the globe. The lack of transparency and oversight in charity donations hurts people’s enthusiasm to donate. Donors are distrustful about how their funds are utilized. The use of blockchain technology (BCT) will provide a solution to make the donation procedure more viable. It is a distributed technology that offers a secure and transparent environment by avoiding the involvement of third parties between contributors and charities. This article proposed a blockchain-based donation mechanism for the convenience of charity organizations, donors, and beneficiaries during disasters, pandemics such as Covid-19, and other emergencies. All transactions can be traced in blockchain, giving donors visibility into where and how their funds are utilized. This article contributes to improving donations’openness to strengthen public interest in donations and encourage BCT in charity. Ethereum blockchain is used to implement the proposed framework and provides a convenient donation platform. Smart contracts are used to make donations, which build trust between contributors, beneficiaries, and charity organizations. The blockchain-based donation method saves time, lowers donation costs, and eliminates the chances of dubious campaign funds. This study will contribute to improving emergency recovery efforts. IEEE
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During any emergency, a donation is considered a moral responsibility all over the globe. The lack of transparency and oversight in charity donations hurts people's enthusiasm to donate. Donors are distrustful about how their funds are utilized. The use of blockchain technology (BCT) will provide a solution to make the donation procedure more viable. It is a distributed technology that offers a secure and transparent environment by avoiding the involvement of third parties between contributors and charities. This article proposed a blockchain-based donation mechanism for the convenience of charity organizations, donors, and beneficiaries during disasters, pandemics such as Covid-19, and other emergencies. All transactions can be traced in blockchain, giving donors visibility into where and how their funds are utilized. This article contributes to improving donations' openness to strengthen public interest in donations and encourage BCT in charity. Ethereum blockchain is used to implement the proposed framework and provides a convenient donation platform. Smart contracts are used to make donations, which build trust between contributors, beneficiaries, and charity organizations. The blockchain-based donation method saves time, lowers donation costs, and eliminates the chances of dubious campaign funds. This study will contribute to improving emergency recovery efforts.
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BACKGROUND: As of date, the world is experiencing its highest levels of human displacement, with many families resettling in Canada. While there is an understanding that families of refugee background have complex, multigenerational mental health, and developmental needs, little is known about whether their parenting needs are met adequately in Canada after resettlement nor how COVID-19 related restrictions have further complicated their resettlement experience. OBJECTIVE(S): To gather data about the facilitators and barriers that impact the parenting experience of families of refugee background in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) in the context of their children's unique developmental and resettlement needs. DESIGN/METHODS: This was a qualitative, community-based participatory research study. All data was collected from August 2019 to July 2020. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with caregivers of refugee background and healthcare providers that work closely with this population. Data were recorded, transcribed, and coded by two independent coders and a peer-debriefing strategy was used to verify the coding approach. RESULT(S): In total, 20 IDIs were conducted (7 caregivers, 13 care providers). Six key themes were identified: (1) Mental Health and Healthcare Access, (2) Language, (3) Navigating Canadian Systems, (4) Finances, (5) Cultural Dimensions of Caregiving, and (6) Advocacy and Agency. The caregivers and healthcare providers agreed that language is a migration barrier, housing and financial stability are challenging to obtain, and that families struggle to self-advocate. There was disagreement as to how families and healthcare providers viewed healthcare access: caregivers reported that they have good access, but the providers cited that there are still barriers, including health literacy and cultural differences. While caregivers believe they are well supported by the government, healthcare providers believe more funding and education on the families' rights are necessary. Finally, although most caregivers describe Canada as welcoming, healthcare providers highlighted more incidences of misunderstandings and gaps within the system that may allow families to fall through the cracks. CONCLUSION(S): Our study describes the unique facilitators and barriers to the resettlement, healthcare access, and lived experiences of families of refugee background raising children within the GTA.
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BACKGROUND: Transition to adulthood is a stressful time for caregivers of children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Anecdotally, we know that cultural perspectives can directly influence decisions made around ASD diagnosis, treatment, and transition to adulthood. However, there is a paucity of research into these cultural perspectives and how they may affect illness trajectories. OBJECTIVE(S): 1.Through open-ended responses, identify cultural values that play a role in decision making around health care and life course planning during transition to adulthood in ASD. 2.Identify criteria for success in adulthood from parents of children and youth with ASD in a culturally diverse population. 3.Identify systemic barriers that prevent families from accessing culturally sensitive care 4.Educate health care workers on any unique cultural perspective that may impact transition planning. DESIGN/METHODS: In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with caregivers (i.e., parents/guardians) of children and youth with autism. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using deductive and inductive coding methods by two independent coders, with inter-rater reliability confirmed by Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULT(S): A total of 12 IDIs were conducted. The main themes that were discussed included caregivers' understanding of adulthood for their child with ASD, barriers to accessing services, the importance of culture and religion/spirituality to their child's future, recommendations to improve current services and programming and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on decision-making. Caregivers expressed their desire for their child to be independent as they transition to adulthood. They also described how cultural or religious/spiritual practices are integrated into their child's life and the importance of maintaining their cultural identity. Caregivers emphasized the lack of culturally tailored resources as their child transitions to adulthood to maintain that sense of community. CONCLUSION(S): Caregivers' cultural perspectives are an integral part of their identity and an important aspect of their environment that should be taken into consideration as children and youth with ASD transition to adulthood.
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BACKGROUND: With more than 28 million individuals of refugee or asylum-seeking background globally, the current situation has been described as one of the largest humanitarian crises of all time. Families of refugee background have complex, multigenerational mental health and developmental needs that are not accounted for in current programming frameworks. Difficulties in resettlement have been further compounded by COVID-19-related lockdowns, straining parental mental health and placing children at an increased risk for developmental or behavioural problems. Providing appropriate support services and educational resources that address the multigenerational concerns of families of refugee background will address these challenges, allowing for improved parental mental health, family cohesion, and developmental outcomes for children. OBJECTIVE(S): To gather data about the experiences, resources, referral pathways and barriers that impact the experience of parents of refugee background in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and to develop a novel, multi-dimensional parenting program model using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles. DESIGN/METHODS: This was a qualitative community-based participatory study using a formative research framework, in accordance with COREQ guidelines. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with parents of refugee background and care providers that work closely with this population. Data were recorded, transcribed, and coded using deductive and inductive coding methods by two independent coders. RESULT(S): A total of 20 IDIs were conducted (7 parents and 13 care providers). The main topics that were identified to be incorporated into the program include features of child development, how to address resettlement issues, child advocacy, and parenting in the Canadian context. Participants felt that tackling the language barriers, addressing the overlapping responsibilities of the mothers attending the sessions, providing incentives, increasing awareness of the program, and using an anti-racist and anti-oppressive approach is key to the program's success. Participants emphasized the need for trauma-informed mental health support within the program model. CONCLUSION(S): This study describes the key considerations for a novel parenting program for families of refugee background, by engaging them as key stakeholders in the program design process. Future iteration of this project would involve a pilot and evaluation of the program.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global warning to social wellbeing. Antimicrobial stewardship Intervention is evident to provide a good effect on AMR. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been established to minimize the usage of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and healthcare expenditure. Prospective audits with feedback, formulary restriction/preauthorization along with many other supportive elements are found effective techniques of antimicrobial stewardship programme. However, the proportional effect of different techniques is unclear. This ASP strategies utilization is compared in hospital setting and adult hospital units implementing ASP have provided much evidence demonstrating their value. This study includes the effectiveness of various explicit AMS strategies, measuring the outcome in various clinical setups such as reducing antibiotic resistance and antibiotic use.The death toll from COVID-19 is the highest of any other respiratory virus outbreak but Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) and deadly resistant pathogens outbreaks could be at any point of time.Even in this present antibiotic era required primarily require combat it andstrong vigilance is also desired. The primary objective of this study is to enhance patient care and to lower medical expenses, but the ultimate objective is to safeguard already available and newly developed antibiotics against the threat of AMR. It has been noted that Prospective Audit and Feedback (PAF) intervention is one of the most often employed strategies among all other interventions of AMS. Although this is time-taking, it is accepted by physicians for more than formulary restrictions and pre-authorization procedures. There have been several digital initiatives to support antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), while they have been concentrated on individual interventions.Pre-authorization or recommended formulary limitation was found in 31% of all trials. 20% of these studies implemented this intervention independently, and many trials were also undertaken in conjunction with other interventions mostly in addition to training and education. Using the available pool information, we observed in various strategies a significant reduction in antimicrobial resistance and a reduced Days of Therapy (DOT)/Length of Treatment (LOT) ratio. Formulary restriction limited the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics without any major causality. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone's life in every aspect. World Health Organization declared it as global emergency in March 2020 which leads to halt all the human activity around the world. While this pandemic was hazardous for human beings the nature was nourishing itself and seems to be on reset as the Pollution decreased due to this pandemic. In countries like China, Italy, USA and many more which initiated the lockdown in their countries to avoid the spread of this deadly virus has shown the reduction of air pollution. The emission of air pollutants were reduced due the lockdowns in many countries. In the paper different types of environmental pollution, their reasons and effects on nature are discussed and also the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on environment is discussed. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
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COVID-19 has impacted the social, economical and personal lives of every generation in every part of the country. In the times of pandemic, it is ICT ad various e-governance policies which have helped the human races to encounter the incalculable loss. In this a thorough discussion on a variety of e-governance policies which are already in place along with other innovations which can be implemented during this pandemic as well as post Covid-19 is done. Enormous application areas are identified and discussion on the number of innovations which can be applied by digitalization of existing sectors and businesses is also discussed upon. We will talk about the industry 4.0 along with its importance in existing times of pandemic. The main aim of this study is to investigate the role of e-governance in these difficult times. Digitization of health technology can innovate the procedures and methods which can facilitate in tracking and preventing the spread of corona virus. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the retail landscape and introduced new risks for customers. Customers, in turn, are increasingly turning toward technology to reduce pandemic-associated risks. This study investigates the impact of crowding at food retail outlets on customers’willingness to utilize drone food delivery. Data were collected using an online survey and analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. The results confirm that crowding is positively associated with social withdrawal tendency and mortality threat. Perceived vulnerability and perceived severity act as moderators to strengthen the positive association of crowding with mortality threat and social withdrawal tendency. Social withdrawal tendency and mortality threat, in turn, are positively associated with customers' attitudes toward drone delivery. A positive attitude toward drone delivery positively impacts customer willingness to utilize drone delivery, while a negative attitude has a negative impact. This study provides novel insights into technology adoption driven by crowding as an environmental factor during a global pandemic. It also offers evidence that technology adoption is driven by threat perceptions. Our findings have important implications for retailers, who can consider drone food delivery as a possible solution to reduce customers' threat perception. Author
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With COVID-19, more than millions of people from all over the world got infected due to this pandemic disease, has wrought havoc. Due to delay in detection of presence of COVID-19 in human body, it infected large number of people all around the globe. Besides all the available manual methods, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) can help in detecting, treating and monitoring the sternness of COVID-19. This paper intends to provide a complete overview of the role of AI and ML as one important tool for COVID-19 and associated epidemic screening, prediction, forecasting, contact tracing, and therapeutic development. AI is a game-changer in terms of disease diagnosis speed and accuracy. It's a promising technique for a fully transparent and autonomous monitoring system that can follow and cure patients remotely without transmitting the infection to others. AI Application areas in the field of health care are also identified. This paper examines the role of AI in combating the COVID-19 epidemic. We attempt to present a medical network architecture based on AI. The architecture employs artificial intelligence (AI) to efficiently and effectively carry out patient monitoring, diagnosis, and their cure. © 2022 IEEE.
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Online study is not a new technology it was used since 2013 but become popular during the Corona virus. This research articles contain the study of the comparison between study through virtual platform and study by physical medium. Our study involves how the both traditions are different from each other. In this review paper we will also discuss the different online tools and methods used by the particular organisation for taking online classes. The advantage and disadvantage of online education and how it has changed the perspective of learning are also discussed. We will also discuss the importance of campus learning for improving the social skills and technical skills. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.